Evidence Intelligence
Understand the policy. Then follow the evidence.
Read the status, operative signals, formal actors, comparable approaches, and evidence gaps before opening the relationship map.
Policy intelligence brief
S-5328 — A bill to direct the Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress a report containing an assessment of the value, cost, and feasibility of a trans-Atlantic submarine fiber optic cable connecting the contiguous United States, the United States Virgin Islands, Ghana, and Nigeria.
Tracked record titled “A bill to direct the Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress a report containing an assessment of the value, cost, and feasibility of a trans-Atlantic submarine fiber optic cable connecting the contiguous United States, the United States Virgin Islands, Ghana, and Nigeria..” Latest source-reported action: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
What the evidence says
Key findings
How it operates
Disclosure & reporting
Forces a data center’s energy, water, and impact data into public view, so regulators, ratepayers, and communities can see figures operators would otherwise keep private.
Formal policy pathway
Raphael G. Warnock · Commerce · John Kennedy
sponsored: Raphael G. Warnock; referred to: Commerce; cosponsored: John Kennedy
Comparable precedents
Related approaches worth comparing
Selected by shared tracked mechanisms or themes, with cross jurisdiction examples prioritized. Similarity is not legal equivalence.
PA-HB1667Pennsylvania · Introduced / in committeeAn Act amending the act of March 4, 1971 (P.L.6, No.2), known as the Tax Reform Code of 1971, in sales and use tax, further providing for exclusions from tax; in corporate net income tax, further providing for definitions, for determination of net loss deduction, for imposition of tax, for reports and payment of tax, for timely mailing treated as timely filing and payment and for additional withholding requirements, repealing provisions relating to consolidated reports, further providing for extension of time to file reports, for changes made by Federal Government, for limitations on assessments, for definitions, for manufacturing innovation and reinvestment deduction, for enforcement, rules and regulations and inquisitorial powers of the department, for retention of records and for penalties; in gross receipts tax, further providing for imposition of tax and providing for definitions; in tax credit and tax benefit administration, providing for application of tax credits or tax benefits to a unitary business; providing for educational tax credits and for education options tax credits; in manufacturing and investment tax credit, further providing for business firms and for tax credit certificates; providing for return on equity and for service and facilities; repealing provisions relating to Computer Data Center Equipment Incentive Program; providing for additional property tax rebate; in general provisions, providing for data centers; and, in general provisions, further providing for estimated tax, for underpayment of estimated tax and for restatement of tax liability under treaties and providing for data centers.Disclosure & reporting→PA-SB 1408Pennsylvania · Introduced / in committeeAn Act providing for data center transparency; prohibiting certain nondisclosure agreements between public agencies and data centers; providing for data centers and public input; prohibiting data centers from being developed or operated by certain foreign entities; and providing for enforcement by Attorney General and for energy and water reporting.Disclosure & reporting→NJ-S4304New Jersey · Introduced / in committeeProhibits agreements intended to conceal certain information concerning development of data centers under MLUL.Disclosure & reporting→NJ-S4658New Jersey · Introduced / in committeeRequires data centers to submit annual report to DEP; requires DEP to establish Data Center Transparency Dashboard.Disclosure & reporting→
Refine the relationship evidence
Relationship map
S-5328 evidence graph
A bill to direct the Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress a report containing an assessment of the value, cost, and feasibility of a trans-Atlantic submarine fiber optic cable connecting the contiguous United States, the United States Virgin Islands, Ghana, and Nigeria.
Policy record 1Policy mechanism 1Documented actor 3Policy family 1Jurisdiction 1Original source 1
The visual map is hidden on small screens; the complete relationship receipts remain available below.
Inspectable edges
Relationship receipts
Each edge states what was observed and why it appears. An edge never implies private influence, support, opposition, or causation.
S-5328signals mechanismDisclosure & reporting
Mechanism signal derived from the tracked record text · Basis: deterministic text rule; not a legal conclusion · Observed 2026-09-30Inspect supporting source ↗S-5328applies inUnited States
Jurisdiction recorded for this source type · Basis: stored source metadata · Observed 2026-09-30Inspect supporting source ↗S-5328sponsoredRaphael G. Warnock
Named sponsor in the tracked public record · Basis: stored metadataInspect supporting source ↗S-5328cosponsoredJohn Kennedy
Named cosponsor in the Congress.gov record · Basis: stored metadataInspect supporting source ↗S-5328member of familyA bill to direct the Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress a report containing an assessment of the value, cost, and feasibility of a trans-Atlantic submarine fiber optic cable connecting the contiguous United States, the United States Virgin Islands, Ghana, and Nigeria.
authoritative bill · Basis: congress identifier S-5328; exact normalized title in Congress 118 · Observed 2026-09-30Inspect supporting source ↗